5. The semicolon (;)
The semicolon marks a greater pause than that indicated by the comma:
The semicolon is used instead of the comma to separate from each other
parts of a sentence that are already separated by commas:
Examples:
There are two things I knew about him: first,, his date of birth; second,
his date of death.
It is used to separate pairs of words:
Principal, principle;
Gate, gait;
Check, cheque
6. The colon (:)
The colon marks a still longer pause than the one indicated by the
semicolon.
The colon is used to introduce a quotation or speech:
Examples:
Shakespeare says’ “Sweet are the uses of adversity.”
It is used before enumerations.
Examples:
The chief properties of hydrogen are:
a. It is colorless.
b. It is odorless.
c. It is combustible.
7. The Dash (-)
The is used to mark a break or abrupt turn in a sentence:
Examples:
If only I had saved the child- but why regret the past?
Before or after a list:
Examples:
She had two sons – Pran and Prem.
Pran and Prem – She had two sons.
8. The Hyphen (-)
The hyphen is half the length of the dash. It is used to form compound
words:
Examples:
Hard-heated, pro – Congress, out-of-date, brother-in-law.
9. The Apostrophe (‘)
The apostrophe is used to form the possessive case of animate objects and
nouns showing time and distance:
Examples:
Rama’s scooter; boy’s books, a week’s time.
To indicate the omission of some letter or letters.
It’s = it is
E’er = ever
Can’t = cannot
To form the plurals of letters:
There are two t’s in the word “allotted.”
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